Gemeenschapsmerk BULLDOG verwarrend ten opzichte van RED BULL

Gerecht EU 5 februari 2015, IEFbe 1189; ECLI:EU:T:2015:72 (Red Bull tegen OHIM)
Gemeenschapsmerk. Verwarringsgevaar. Gelijke waren. Sun Mark deponeert het woordmerk BULLDOG, waartegen oppositie is ingesteld door Red Bull. Het Gerecht constateert dat BULLDOG ten opzichte van RED BULL en BULL slechts gedeeltelijk overeenstemmen. Tegelijkertijd levert de totaalindruk in combinatie met een situatie van identieke producten wel degelijk verwarringsgevaar op. Het Gerecht vernietigt de beslissing.

Mate van overeenstemming

31. In the present case, it should be noted that the beginning of the two signs at issue contains four identical letters, namely ‘b’, ‘u’, ‘l’ and ‘l’. The consumer will generally pay greater attention to the beginning of a word sign than to the end. The first part of a trade mark tends normally to have a greater visual and phonetic impact than the final part (see, to that effect, judgments of 7 September 2006 in Meric v OHIM — Arbora & Ausonia (PAM-PIM’S BABY-PROP), T‑133/05, EU:T:2006:247, paragraph 51, and of 3 September 2010 in Companhia Muller de Bebidas v OHIM — Missiato Industria e Comercio (61 A NOSSA ALEGRIA), T‑472/08, EU:T:2010:347, paragraph 62), even if that argument does not hold in all cases (see judgment of 27 February 2014, Advance Magazine Publishers v OHIM — López Cabré (TEEN VOGUE), T‑37/12, EU:T:2014:96, paragraph 70 and the case-law cited).

32. In this instance, in the case of relatively short word signs, it must be held that the fact that the first four letters, constituting all the letters making up the earlier word marks and the majority of those forming the mark applied for (four out of seven), is sufficient for the Board of Appeal’s characterisation of the signs as ‘similar to a rather low degree’ to be dismissed. Red Bull is therefore correct in claiming that OHIM erred in its assessment in that regard.

33. On the other hand, given that, according to case-law, a difference consisting in a single consonant can sometimes prevent the finding of a high degree of visual similarity between two relatively short word signs (see, to that effect, judgments of 22 June 2004 in Ruiz-Picasso and Others v OHIM — DaimlerChrysler (PICARO), T‑185/02, EU:T:2004:189, paragraph 54, and of 16 January 2008 in Inter-Ikea v OHIM–Waibel (idea), T‑112/06, EU:T:2008:10, paragraph 54), it must be pointed out that the presence of the three additional letters in the mark applied for (‘d’, ‘o’ and ‘g’) prevents the signs at issue being considered to have a high degree of similarity.

34. It must therefore be concluded that there is only an average visual similarity between the signs at issue.

Verwarringsgevaar

60. It should first be noted that the Board of Appeal failed to take into account, in the assessment of the likelihood of confusion, the fact that the products at issue were completely identical. Given, first, how important the fact is that they are identical and, second, the conclusion, reached in paragraph 54 above of the overall resemblance of the signs at issue, it must be held that the likelihood of confusion between the marks at issue has been proved.